Types of Enema
Broadly we can distribute the Enema into 2 Types
1.Evacuant Enema
2.Retained Enema
1. Evacuant enema-
In this types of enema . Solution is Expelled from body.
1. Simple Evacuant Enema-
It is used to treat Defecation/ Constipation.
A. Soap Jelly Enema – 50mL Jelly + 1 Litre Water
B. NS Enema – 1tsp. Salt + 500 mL Water (Best Physiologic
Solution)
C. Tap Water – 500 mL
2. Oil Enema-
It is used to soften Hard Fecal Material.
(Amount – 115- 175 Oil, Temp. = 100 F)
A. Olive Oil
B. Castor Oil + Olive Oil (1:1)
C. Sweet / Gingerly Oil (Sesame Oil)
3. Purgative Enema – All Solutions of Purgative enema are
Irritant and Hygroscopic.
It is used to induce Peristalsis.
A. Pure Glycerine – 15-30 mL
B. Glycerine + Water – 1:2 Concentration
C. Mgso4 – 60-120 mL
D. 1-2-3 Enema (Mgso4 – glycerine – Water) (30:60:90 mL)
E. Glycerine + Castor Oil – 1:1 Concentration
4. Antihelminthic Enema –
It is used to kill Intestinal Worms.
A. Infusion of Quassia = 15g + 600mL Water
B. Hypertonic Saline Solution = 6 % ( 6g Salt in 100 mL
Water)
5. Carminitive Enema (Antispasmodic Enema )- It is used to relieve Gaseous Distension.
A. Tincture of Turpentine = 8-16 mL + 600-1200 mL Soap
Solution
B. Tincture of Asafoetidfa
= 8-18 mL + 600-1200 mL Soap Solution
C. Milk + Molasses =
90-230 mL Both Mixed
6. Astringent Enema –
It is uses to relieve Intestinal Inflammation.
A. Tannic Acid – 2g
+ 600 mL Water
B. Alum – 30g + 600
mL Water
C. Silver Nitrate –
2%
7. Cold Enema –
It is uses to reduce Body Temperature.
Cold Enema = 80-90 F
2. Retained Enema -
1. Stimulant Enema –
It is used in Shock / Collapse/ Opium Positiong
A. Black Coffee – 1tbsp.
+ 300 mL Water
B. Brandy – 15 mL +
120-180 mL Glucose Saline
2. Sedative Enema –
It is used to administer sedative Drugs.
- ·
Potassium
Bromide
- ·
Chloral
Hydrate
- · Paraldehyde
3. Emollient Enema -
It is used to relax and sooth the Intestinal Mucosa.
A. Opium = 1-2 mL + Starch Mucilage
4. Nutrient Enema –
- NS
- Glucose Normal Saline (GNS/ DNS)
- Peptonized Milk ( Fat Free Milk)
5. Anaesthetic Enema –
Avertin = 150-300 mg/kg
6. Barium Enema –
Barium Sulphate (Baso4) = 2-3 Pint (1000 – 1500 mL)
(1 Pint = 500 mL)
7. Kayexalate Enema (Cation Exchange Resin)-
It is used to treat Hyperkalemia.
50 mL Resin of Sodium Polystyrene Sulphonate + 50 mL
Sorbitol +150 mL Water
( Sodium Polystyrene is Known as Antidote of Potassium)
Methods of Enema –
1. Enema Can & Tube Method –
For Large Amount (e.g. Cleansing Enema)
2. Funnel & Catheter Method –
For Small Amount (e.g. oil)
3. Glycerine Syringe & Catheter Method –
Very Small – Glycerine Enema (Purgative Enema)
4. Drip Method – (Murphy Drip is used for Drip Method)
Slow Rate – Nutrient Enema
